Ghana’s relationship with alcohol is as old as its history and as complex as its future. From the ceremonial pouring of libation with schnapps to the ubiquitous presence of “spot” bars in every neighborhood, alcohol is woven into the social fabric of the nation. However, as the country modernizes, the lines between traditional conviviality and a public health crisis are becoming dangerously blurred.
The Culture of the Pour
In Ghana, alcohol is rarely just a drink; it is a social lubricant and a spiritual bridge. In traditional rites, whether it is a naming ceremony, a wedding, or a funeral, alcohol serves as a mark of respect and community. Beyond the spiritual, the beverage industry is a massive contributor to the national GDP, providing thousands of jobs in manufacturing, distribution, and the informal retail sector. This economic power has recently been bolstered by the rise of bitters, which are herbal-infused spirits marketed as medicinal tonics that blend modern branding with traditional wellness claims.
The Rising Hangover
Despite its cultural and economic roots, the unchecked rise in consumption—particularly among the youth—presents a sobering reality. The prevalence of non-communicable diseases, particularly liver cirrhosis and cardiovascular issues, is climbing steadily across the country. Perhaps more visible is the impact on mental health and the rising rate of alcohol-related road accidents, which remain a leading cause of premature death.
The regulation gap further complicates this issue. While the Food and Drugs Authority (FDA) has made strides by banning celebrities from advertising alcohol, the enforcement of age limits and the sale of unregulated “home-brewed” spirits like akpeteshie remain inconsistent. The ease of access, where sachet alcohol can be bought for the price of a loaf of bread, makes moderation an incredibly difficult choice for the most vulnerable citizens.
A Path Toward Moderation
Ghana does not need a return to prohibition, which would only drive the industry underground and destroy livelihoods. Instead, the focus must shift toward responsible consumption and stringent enforcement. Increasing excise duties on high-content spirits can serve as a deterrent to underage drinking while providing revenue for public services. Furthermore, public health campaigns should move beyond simple “just say no” messaging to focus on the long-term physiological impact of heavy drinking. National health policies must also prioritize the establishment of more affordable rehabilitation and counseling centers to support those already struggling with dependency.
The Bottom Line
As a nation, we must decide if the short-term revenue from a booming alcohol industry is worth the long-term cost of a fractured public health system. It is time to ensure that while the “spots” stay open, the safety and health of the Ghanaian people remain the priority. We can toast to our traditions without sacrificing our future.